The first step in building an in-ground pool is planning the design. This includes selecting the pool’s size, shape, and construction type—whether concrete, fiberglass, or vinyl. It also involves determining additional features such as lighting, heating, and waterfalls. Before breaking ground, obtaining permits from local authorities is essential to ensure compliance with building codes. Hiring a reputable pool contractor can help streamline the process, though some experienced homeowners may choose to manage the project themselves.

Once the design is finalized and permits are secured, excavation begins. Heavy machinery is used to dig out the pool according to the planned dimensions. This process requires precise measurement to ensure proper depth and shape. The soil is removed, and the area is leveled to provide a stable foundation. Depending on the pool type, additional ground preparation, such as laying gravel or reinforcing the soil, may be necessary before proceeding to the next steps.

The type of pool determines how the shell is installed. For concrete pools, steel rebar is placed to reinforce the structure before gunite or shotcrete is applied. Fiberglass pools arrive pre-formed and are carefully lowered into the excavated hole. Vinyl pools require assembling a metal or polymer frame before the liner is placed. Proper leveling and alignment are critical during this stage to ensure the pool structure is secure and properly positioned.

The pool’s plumbing and electrical systems are installed to ensure proper water circulation, drainage, and filtration. Pipes for water intake and return are connected to the filtration system, and additional plumbing may be added for features like waterfalls or jets. Electrical wiring is run for pumps, heaters, and lighting, with all connections adhering to local safety codes. Proper installation during this stage prevents costly repairs and ensures long-term efficiency.

To provide additional support, concrete pools require steel reinforcement, while fiberglass and vinyl pools need backfilling around the shell to keep them stable. Concrete pools must cure for several weeks to achieve maximum strength. During backfilling, a mix of sand and gravel is used to prevent shifting, ensuring that the pool remains level and well-supported as it settles into the ground.

Once the pool structure is secure, coping is installed around the edges to create a finished border. The surrounding deck is then constructed using materials such as concrete, pavers, or natural stone. The deck design should complement the pool area while also allowing for proper drainage to prevent water from accumulating. This stage enhances both the functionality and aesthetics of the pool area.

Concrete pools receive a final surface finish, such as plaster, tile, or pebble coating, which adds durability and improves aesthetics. Vinyl pools require smoothing and securing the liner, while fiberglass pools are polished for a clean finish. After the surface is prepared, the pool is filled with water. Throughout this process, checks are made for any leaks or imperfections that need to be addressed.

With the pool filled, the filtration system, pump, and heater are installed and tested. The water chemistry is balanced to ensure proper pH levels, chlorine concentration, and overall cleanliness. Running the system for several hours ensures everything functions properly, and any necessary adjustments are made to optimize performance before use.